![]() ![]() This is why many pure metals are both malleable and ductile: ![]() This means the metal ions can move amongst and around each other because they arent rigidly stuck in one place in the lattice. The sea of delocalised electrons is fluid.This is why most metals have a high melting point. It takes a lot of energy to overcome this force and pull the positive ions apart from the delocalised electrons. There is a strong electrostatic attractive force between the metal ions and the delocalised electrons.Metallic bonding explains the properties of metals in the following ways: As with any bonding theory, we use our ideas of metallic bonding to help explain the properties that we see when we study metals.That is ionic bonding which we learned in C11.4.2: Ionic and covalent bonding Metallic bonding does NOT occur in metal compounds with non-metal atoms.It occurs in alloys too, which are mixtures of different metals we will look at next lesson. Metallic bonding occurs in PURE METAL SAMPLES.Metallic bonding, occurs in samples of metal-only atoms, including pure metallic samples, and explains the properties of pure metals that we observe.See the diagram below but remember that the electrons are freely moving, thats why they look a bit disorganised. The attractive force that keeps the structure together is the positive/negative electrostatic attraction between these two features. These are the electrons that the metal atoms (that are now ions!) had lost, so they could gain a full outer shell. Between these positive ions, there is a sea of negative delocalised electrons.There is a lattice of positively charged metal ions.In elemental metals (that means pure iron metal, not iron compounds), metallic bonding creates a structure with the following features:.We saw earlier that ionic and covalent bonding are bonding types that hold compounds and small molecules together, but in elemental metal samples (pure metals, not metal compounds) there is a third type of bonding called metallic bonding.How to explain the trends in properties of metals using metallic bonding theory.How to explain the properties of metals using metallic bonding theory.To describe the features of metallic bonding and the structure of pure metals.Unlike when Microsoft tried to kill off its Paint program earlier this year, there was no protest or outcry over the death of Clippy. He finally departed the digital domain in 2007 when Microsoft Office dismissed him all together. When then Microsoft CEO Bill Gates announced Clippy’s retirement in 2001, saying “XP stands for Ex-Paperclip,” he got a standing ovation. Less than six years after his debut in Windows Office 1997, Clippy went into an early retirement in 2002 when he was turned off by default, meaning most users at the time probably never saw him. But while they have the privilege of being powered by artificial intelligence and machine learning to help them help us, it’s not hard to view Clippy as an early version of such systems - a clunky pioneer of digital assistants from an age when IT was much much simpler.Īnd, as they say, the first one through the wall always gets bloody. These days so many of our products are imbued with digital helpers, such as Apple’s Siri or Alexa in Amazon’s smart home speaker. After all, who wants a creepy paperclip eyeballing you when you’re trying to write a letter. In particular women didn’t like him because they thought that Clippy were leering at them. In early focus group testing, the anthropomorphised paperclip wasn’t exactly a hit with the public.Ī Microsoft executive at the time, Roz Ho, once said in focus group testing the results came back “kind of negative.” But like an annoying younger sibling who wouldn’t leave you alone when you were hanging out with your older friends, Clippy’s constant nagging and seemingly random suggestions quickly became annoying.īut that wouldn't have shocked Microsoft. He would appear on screen unprompted with suggestions that were supposed to be helpful. Despite becoming an indelible feature of the early editions of Microsoft’s home office software, it wasn’t always smooth sailing for the little mascot that just wanted to help.Ĭlippy - who was originally named Clippit - was the onscreen assistant from Microsoft Office products in the late 1990s and early 2000s. WHETHER you loved him, or you hated him, you no doubt remember Clippy.įor those born before the late 90s, the little paperclip character with his big eyeballs and incessant need to help will forever be synonymous with Microsoft Word and the early days of personal computing.īut there’s a lot you probably don’t know about the life of Clippy (because why would you?). ![]()
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